United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
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The 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30)
The 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29)
The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28)
Overview of all our activities (UNFCCC)
What is the UNFCCC?
- Main Objective: Stabilize greenhouse gases to protect ecosystems, food security, and sustainable development.
- Differentiated Responsibility: Developed countries must set an example and support others.
- Related Conventions: The UNFCCC is one of the three Rio Conventions, alongside those on biodiversity (CBD) and combating desertification (UNCCD).
- Adaptation and Financing: Financial mechanisms like the Global Environment Facility and the establishment of the Adaptation Committee to assist vulnerable countries.
The 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30)
The 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP-30) will be held in Belém, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025. This edition, located in the heart of the Amazon, will focus on concrete solutions and will also emphasize Non-Market-Approaches, integrating eco-centered or Mother Earth-centered actions, where Nature is recognized as a subject of law.
The International Observatory of the Rights of Nature (OIDN) will have the mission during this COP to monitor the implementation of the integration of the rights of Nature into climate commitments. Indeed, recent advisory opinions issued in July 2025 by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) affirmed the differentiated responsibility of States in reducing CO2 emissions and protecting ecosystems, incorporating approaches based on human rights as well as the rights of Nature.
In this context, the Parties will have to propose ambitious national contributions that integrate social justice, forest protection, and the resilience of vulnerable communities, while honoring ancestral knowledge and promoting eco-centered or Mother Earth-centered Actions.
The 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29)
This year, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29) will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from November 11 to 22, 2024.
As every year, the primary issue will be accelerating measures to combat the climate crisis. This year, the discussion will mainly focus on the issue of financing, as trillions of dollars are needed for countries to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and fight the effects of climate change.
Furthermore, Parties will need to present their updated national action plans for 2025, in accordance with the Paris Agreement adopted at COP21 in 2015. These plans should include measures taken by states to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28)
At the agreement concluded in Dubai, the Parties signed the “beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era.
From the perspective of the rights of Nature, it marks the first mention of Mother Earth in the provisions regarding non-market approaches promoted under the Paris Agreement.
Indeed, the Parties adopted a decision “recalling the 13th preamble of the Paris Agreement which notes the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and which notes the importance for some of the concept of ‘climate justice’ in the action taken to address climate change.
"Brazil will host and preside over the 30th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2025 against the backdrop of several landmarks: COP30 will mark 20 years since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol and 10 years of adoption of the Paris Agreement. (...) Now is the time we leave behind inertia, individualism, and irresponsibility to embrace the best versions of ourselves through creativity, solidarity, and perseverance." Letter from the President Designate of COP30/CMP20/CMA7_10 March 2025
COP29 must be an enabling COP, delivering concrete results to translate the commitments made under last year's historic United Arab Emirates consensus into tangible outcomes, in the real world and the real economy." - UNFCCC