United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
COP28

At the agreement concluded in Dubai, the Parties signed the “beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era.

From the perspective of the rights of Nature, it marks the first mention of Mother Earth in the provisions regarding non-market approaches promoted under the Paris Agreement.

Indeed, the Parties adopted a decision “recalling the 13th preamble of the Paris Agreement which notes the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and which notes the importance for some of the concept of ‘climate justice’ in the action taken to address climate change.