{"id":9087,"date":"2025-09-24T02:54:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T02:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/?p=9087"},"modified":"2025-09-24T03:35:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T03:35:24","slug":"droits-de-la-nature-et-responsabilite-climatique-une-comparaison-strategique-entre-lavis-de-la-cij-et-la-cour-interamericaine-des-droits-de-lhomme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/2025\/09\/24\/droits-de-la-nature-et-responsabilite-climatique-une-comparaison-strategique-entre-lavis-de-la-cij-et-la-cour-interamericaine-des-droits-de-lhomme\/","title":{"rendered":"Droits de la Nature et responsabilit\u00e9 climatique : une comparaison strat\u00e9gique entre l\u2019avis de la CIJ et la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9087\" class=\"elementor elementor-9087\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6549209 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width post-cover hero elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6549209\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-adce254\" data-id=\"adce254\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0109099 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0109099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Droits de la Nature et responsabilit\u00e9 climatique : une comparaison strat\u00e9gique entre l\u2019avis de la CIJ et la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c437a23 elementor-section-full_width social-icons-sticky elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c437a23\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30b8589 post-breadcrumbs elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30b8589\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb5bfcd\" data-id=\"fb5bfcd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b798b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b798b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a style=\"color: #25836a;\" href=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/\">Accueil<\/a> | <a style=\"color: #25836a;\" href=\"\/observatorio\/blog2\/\">Blog | <\/a><span style=\"color: #3cba39;\">Droits de la Nature et responsabilit\u00e9 climatique : une comparaison strat\u00e9gique entre l\u2019avis de la CIJ et la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c6276 section-article-date e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e7c6276\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31161fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31161fb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99b6b69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99b6b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Publi\u00e9: Sep 24, 2025 | 08:30 am <span id=\"dateDifference\"><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c279fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7c279fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n  \/\/ Function to calculate difference in days\r\n  function calculateDaysSinceDate(dateString) {\r\n    const startDate = new Date(dateString);\r\n    const currentDate = new Date();\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Calculate difference in time\r\n    const differenceInTime = currentDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime();\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Calculate difference in days\r\n    const differenceInDays = Math.ceil(differenceInTime \/ (1000 * 3600 * 24));\r\n\r\n    return differenceInDays;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Target date in \"Month day, year hours:minutes:seconds\" format\r\n  const targetDate = \"September 23, 2025 08:30:00 EST\";\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Convert target date to UTC considering the EST timezone (-5 hours)\r\n  const targetDateUTC = new Date(new Date(targetDate).getTime() - (5*60*60*1000)).toUTCString();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Calculate days since the date\r\n  const daysSince = calculateDaysSinceDate(targetDateUTC);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Display the result\r\n  document.getElementById(\"dateDifference\").innerText = `(Hace ${daysSince} d\u00edas)`;\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-438cce6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"438cce6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ef2cda order-1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9ef2cda\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb0e2e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb0e2e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Par: Yenny Vega Cardenas, Ph.D., avocate et Pr\u00e9sidente, Observatoire international des droits de la Nature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f48b840 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f48b840\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8907956 order-1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8907956\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36afb29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36afb29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La crise climatique, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e aujourd\u2019hui comme une urgence plan\u00e9taire, a suscit\u00e9 une \u00e9volution majeure du droit international, tant au niveau global qu\u2019interam\u00e9ricain. Deux d\u00e9cisions r\u00e9centes illustrent cette transformation : l\u2019Opinion consultative de la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ), rendue \u00e0 la demande de la R\u00e9publique de Vanuatu et d\u2019autres \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019ONU le 23 juillet 2025 et l\u2019Opinion consultative OC-32\/25 de la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme (Cour IDH), demand\u00e9e par le Chili et la Colombie. Les deux avis convergent sur l\u2019importance cruciale de prot\u00e9ger le syst\u00e8me climatique et ses composantes, mais chacun introduit des nuances et des outils normatifs distincts, particuli\u00e8rement concernant les droits de la Nature et la responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-922bc22 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"922bc22\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba52653 order-1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba52653\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fda78a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fda78a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Objet et port\u00e9e <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\">des avis consultatifs<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab66acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab66acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019avis de la CIJ se concentre sur les obligations des \u00c9tats en mati\u00e8re de protection du climat et protection de la Plan\u00e8te, en vertu du droit international conventionnel et coutumier. La Cour souligne que ces obligations sont imp\u00e9ratives et engagent la responsabilit\u00e9 internationale de l\u2019\u00c9tat en cas de manquement, avec des mesures correctives incluant la cessation, la non-r\u00e9p\u00e9tition et la r\u00e9paration des dommages. L\u2019accent est mis sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une action collective, la coop\u00e9ration internationale et l\u2019int\u00e9gration des meilleures connaissances scientifiques disponibles (CIJ, 23-07\/25).<\/p><p>La Cour IDH, quant \u00e0 elle, place la question climatique dans une perspective humaniste et \u00e9cocentriste plus large, en reconnaissant explicitement la Nature comme sujet de droits. L\u2019avis OC-32\/25 interam\u00e9ricain identifie le droit \u00e0 un environnement sain et le droit \u00e0 un climat sain comme droits autonomes, prot\u00e9geant \u00e0 la fois les \u00eatres humains et les composantes des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Cette reconnaissance constitue une avanc\u00e9e paradigmatique en Am\u00e9rique, d\u00e9passant la vision anthropocentrique classique et \u00e9tablissant que la protection climatique ne peut \u00eatre dissoci\u00e9e de la sauvegarde des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Ainsi, tandis que la CIJ fournit un cadre juridique stricte et obligatoire, l\u2019avis interam\u00e9ricain introduit une dimension \u00e9thique, pr\u00e9ventive et int\u00e9grative, associant droits humains, droits de la Nature et d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f6322 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6f6322\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-879931d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"879931d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ICJ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9103\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ICJ.jpg 980w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ICJ-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ICJ-768x494.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca71891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca71891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a class=\"navbar-brand border-start border-white\" href=\"https:\/\/media.un.org\/photo\/en\">UN Photo<\/a><\/p><div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 45px;\"><div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24961af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"24961af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c747444 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c747444\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0560c00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0560c00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Droits de la Nature <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\"> et innovations normatives<\/span>\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2a021 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2a021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La CIJ, tout en reconnaissant l\u2019importance de la protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes pour la sant\u00e9 humaine et la durabilit\u00e9 plan\u00e9taire, ne consacre pas formellement la Nature comme sujet de droits. La responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats repose sur le respect de leurs obligations de diligence, la pr\u00e9vention des dommages significatifs et la coop\u00e9ration internationale. La d\u00e9cision offre n\u00e9anmoins des outils pr\u00e9cis pour \u00e9valuer la responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9tatique et favoriser la protection des puits de Carbonne qui favorisent la mise en \u0153uvre de politiques climatiques coh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle globale.<\/p><p>\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la Cour IDH va plus loin en affirmant que les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et leurs composantes peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de droits autonomes. Cette d\u00e9cision, constitue un tournant juridique majeur : elle l\u00e9gitime la personnalit\u00e9 juridique de la Nature et permet d\u2019imputer directement aux \u00c9tats des responsabilit\u00e9s pour la d\u00e9gradation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Elle s\u2019inscrit dans une tendance internationale qui inclut des exemples concrets en Am\u00e9rique latine (\u00c9quateur, Bolivie, Panama, Colombie) et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, comme la reconnaissance des droits de la rivi\u00e8re Magpie (Mutehekau-shipu) au Qu\u00e9bec, valid\u00e9e par la Municipalit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale de comt\u00e9 de Minganie et la communaut\u00e9 Innu d\u2019Ekuanitshit en 2021.<\/p><p>Cette reconnaissance juridique est strat\u00e9gique pour le Canada, o\u00f9 les initiatives locales en faveur des droits des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes peuvent d\u00e9sormais s\u2019appuyer sur une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 internationale, renfor\u00e7ant le plaidoyer des communaut\u00e9s autochtones et des gouvernements municipaux pour la protection des rivi\u00e8res, for\u00eats et terres ancestrales.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b58701 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8b58701\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb86fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fb86fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats : <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\">un carrefour entre droits humains et Nature<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9508940 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9508940\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf1df8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daf1df8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6e69a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6e69a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les deux avis s\u2019accordent sur le principe que les \u00c9tats ont une responsabilit\u00e9 continue et internationale en cas de non-respect de leurs obligations climatiques. La CIJ d\u00e9taille la responsabilit\u00e9 en termes de droit international classique : cessation, non-r\u00e9p\u00e9tition et r\u00e9paration, incluant restitutions et indemnisation. La Cour IDH compl\u00e8te cette approche en associant explicitement la responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9tatique \u00e0 la protection des droits de la Nature et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention des atteintes irr\u00e9versibles au climat, d\u00e9sormais reconnues comme relevant du jus cogens.<\/p><p>Pour le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis, ces deux avis cr\u00e9ent un double imp\u00e9ratif :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0029281 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0029281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Adopter des politiques climatiques robustes conformes aux normes internationales, incluant r\u00e9duction des GES, protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique afin d\u2019\u00e9viter la responsabilit\u00e9 internationale pour des dommages caus\u00e9s au climat.<\/li><li>Reconna\u00eetre, voire l\u00e9gitimer localement, la protection juridique des entit\u00e9s naturelles (rivi\u00e8res, for\u00eats, zones humides), renfor\u00e7ant ainsi la coh\u00e9rence avec la jurisprudence interam\u00e9ricaine.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3be669d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3be669d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans les autres pays des Am\u00e9riques, notamment au Chili, en Colombie et dans les \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019OEA, l\u2019avis IDH fournit un cadre normatif plus robuste pour int\u00e9grer les droits de la Nature dans le droit national via le control de conventionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58279aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58279aa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7e09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8c7e09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-4-1024x682.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9094\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-4-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-4-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-4.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1863182 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1863182\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab466c6\" data-id=\"ab466c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8461f26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8461f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9092\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2-1024x1536.webp 1024w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-2.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33ca143 order-1\" data-id=\"33ca143\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f89e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f89e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. D\u00e9mocratie environnementale <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\"> et savoirs autochtones<\/span>\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8423828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8423828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019avis interam\u00e9ricain met l\u2019accent sur la d\u00e9mocratie environnementale, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information et la participation publique, soulignant que les d\u00e9cisions climatiques doivent \u00eatre inclusives et fond\u00e9es sur la meilleure science disponible. Il reconna\u00eet \u00e9galement la valeur des savoirs autochtones et ancestraux, essentiels pour la conservation et l\u2019adaptation. Pour le Canada, cela l\u00e9gitime les initiatives des Premi\u00e8res Nations et des Inuits visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les territoires et les cours d\u2019eau, en alignant les pratiques locales avec le mouvement global des droits de la Nature.<\/p><p>Les \u00c9tats-Unis, malgr\u00e9 leur tradition juridique moins favorable \u00e0 la reconnaissance des droits de la Nature, peuvent s\u2019inspirer de ces d\u00e9cisions pour d\u00e9velopper des politiques environnementales int\u00e9gr\u00e9es, notamment dans les \u00c9tats ou municipalit\u00e9s ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 adopt\u00e9 des r\u00e9gulations favorables aux droits de la Nature qui ont d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s par la CIDH. Certes, toute autre mani\u00e8re de prot\u00e9ger la Nature est valide pour s\u2019inscrire dans une politique climatique, comme c\u2019est le cas des protections des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes via des parcs nationaux et des zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9dceb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9dceb3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a0b4e0 order-1\" data-id=\"1a0b4e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2522fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2522fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. L'Amazonie <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\">au c\u0153ur de la COP30<\/span>\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef9eb9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef9eb9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La reconnaissance des droits de la Nature prend une dimension particuli\u00e8re en Amazonie, r\u00e9gion cruciale pour la r\u00e9gulation du climat mondial. En pr\u00e9paration de la COP30, pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 Bel\u00e9m, au Br\u00e9sil, les nations amazoniennes, dont la Colombie, ont renforc\u00e9 leur coop\u00e9ration pour prot\u00e9ger la for\u00eat tropicale. Lors du sommet pr\u00e9sidentiel de l\u2019Organisation du Trait\u00e9 de Coop\u00e9ration Amazonienne (OTCA) \u00e0 Bogot\u00e1, le 22 ao\u00fbt 2025, les dirigeants ont adopt\u00e9 la \u00ab D\u00e9claration de Bogot\u00e1 \u00bb, soulignant l\u2019importance de la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones et de la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers.<\/p><p>Cette d\u00e9claration s\u2019inscrit directement dans le dialogue international sur l\u2019article 6.8 de l\u2019Accord de Paris, consacr\u00e9 aux approches non bas\u00e9es sur le march\u00e9, en mettant en avant des actions centr\u00e9es sur la M\u00e8re Terre et des perspectives \u00e9cocentr\u00e9es, dont les droits de la Nature constituent un pilier. La Colombie, en particulier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 pionni\u00e8re en reconnaissant l\u2019Amazonie comme un sujet de droits en 2018, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision historique de la Cour supr\u00eame colombienne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8be5e6\" data-id=\"f8be5e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ecd7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e8ecd7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9093\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3-1024x1536.webp 1024w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rights-of-Nature-and-Climate-Responsibility-3.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52da7c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52da7c0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19780fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19780fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. Implications strat\u00e9giques  <span style=\"color:#3CBA39\">et opportunit\u00e9s<\/span>\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0fd5ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0fd5ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces deux avis combin\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent une r\u00e9volution normative et strat\u00e9gique pour l\u2019ensemble des Am\u00e9riques :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f728ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f728ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ils r\u00e9affirment l\u2019obligation de prot\u00e9ger le climat et l\u2019environnement comme condition indispensable \u00e0 la jouissance des droits humains.<\/li><li>Ils introduisent la notion de Nature comme sujet de droits, offrant des outils l\u00e9gaux pour pr\u00e9venir la destruction des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/li><li>Ils permettent d\u2019\u00e9tablir un cadre r\u00e9gional et international coh\u00e9rent, renfor\u00e7ant la coop\u00e9ration, la responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9tatique et la participation citoyenne.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af44b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af44b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis, ces d\u00e9cisions offrent l\u2019occasion de mettre en coh\u00e9rence les politiques climatiques nationales, \u00c9tatiques\/provinciales, municipales et autochtones avec les standards internationaux, tout en renfor\u00e7ant la reconnaissance des droits des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes au niveau local. Pour les autres pays des Am\u00e9riques, elles fournissent une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence normative solide pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration de l\u00e9gislations climatiques et environnementales int\u00e9gr\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf1afde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf1afde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"color:#3CBA39\">7. Conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ada539c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ada539c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019avis de la CIJ (07-23\/25) et l\u2019avis interam\u00e9ricain OC-32\/25 de la Cour IDH convergent sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une action urgente et coordonn\u00e9e face \u00e0 la crise climatique. La CIJ fournit un cadre juridique obligatoire et d\u00e9taill\u00e9 sur la responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats, tandis que la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine \u00e9largit la perspective en reconnaissant les droits de la Nature et en consolidant le droit \u00e0 un climat sain comme droit fondamental.<\/p><p>Pour le Canada, les \u00c9tats-Unis et les pays des Am\u00e9riques, ces deux d\u00e9cisions constituent une opportunit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique de repenser la responsabilit\u00e9 climatique, de renforcer la protection juridique des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et de promouvoir une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des droits humains et des droits de la Nature. Elles inaugurent une nouvelle \u00e8re dans laquelle la sauvegarde des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures passe par la reconnaissance juridique et effective des droits de la Nature, tout en mobilisant les savoirs traditionnels et la participation citoyenne comme leviers essentiels de transformation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Accueil | Blog | Droits de la Nature et responsabilit\u00e9 climatique : une comparaison strat\u00e9gique entre l\u2019avis de la CIJ et la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme Publi\u00e9: Sep 24, 2025 | 08:30 am Par: Yenny Vega Cardenas, Ph.D., avocate et Pr\u00e9sidente, Observatoire international des droits de la Nature La crise climatique, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e aujourd\u2019hui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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