{"id":6269,"date":"2024-03-21T17:43:12","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T17:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/?p=6269"},"modified":"2024-11-22T17:15:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T17:15:44","slug":"maranon-river-rights-recognized-by-a-landmark-decision-in-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/en\/2024\/03\/21\/maranon-river-rights-recognized-by-a-landmark-decision-in-peru\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara\u00f1on River rights recognized by a landmark decision in Peru"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6269\" class=\"elementor elementor-6269\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27522d6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width post-cover elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27522d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-510925a\" data-id=\"510925a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85ee65e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85ee65e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara\u00f1on River rights recognized by a landmark decision in Peru<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66dfe95 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute cover-image-source elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66dfe95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:julioeballes@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">julioeballes@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0d7d8b elementor-section-full_width social-icons-sticky elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0d7d8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8b52f9 post-breadcrumbs elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8b52f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19c42a6\" data-id=\"19c42a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06bd95e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06bd95e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a style=\"color: #25836a;\" href=\"\/\">Home<\/a> | <a style=\"color: #25836a;\" href=\"\/observatorio\/blog2\/\">Blog | <\/a><a style=\"color: #3cba39;\">Mara\u00f1on River rights recognized by a landmark decision in Peru<\/a>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 122px; top: -3px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-564436e section-article-date elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"564436e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8fcda2\" data-id=\"c8fcda2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d91fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73d91fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPublished: <i class=\"fas fa-calendar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> March 21, 2024 | <i class=\"far fa-clock\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><\/i> 5:29 pm <span id=\"dateDifference\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8344ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d8344ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n  \/\/ Function to calculate difference in days\r\n  function calculateDaysSinceDate(dateString) {\r\n    const startDate = new Date(dateString);\r\n    const currentDate = new Date();\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Calculate difference in time\r\n    const differenceInTime = currentDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime();\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Calculate difference in days\r\n    const differenceInDays = Math.ceil(differenceInTime \/ (1000 * 3600 * 24));\r\n\r\n    return differenceInDays;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Target date in \"Month day, year hours:minutes:seconds\" format\r\n  const targetDate = \"March 21, 2024 17:29:00 EST\";\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Convert target date to UTC considering the EST timezone (-5 hours)\r\n  const targetDateUTC = new Date(new Date(targetDate).getTime() - (5*60*60*1000)).toUTCString();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Calculate days since the date\r\n  const daysSince = calculateDaysSinceDate(targetDateUTC);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Display the result\r\n  document.getElementById(\"dateDifference\").innerText = `(${daysSince} days ago)`;\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e8292d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e8292d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20383e9 order-1\" data-id=\"20383e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-797315a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"797315a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yenny Vega Cardenas, <br>\nPh.D., Lawyer &amp; President, International Observatory on Nature\u2019s Rights<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a448038 order-1\" data-id=\"a448038\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cef1bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cef1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Patricia Urteaga,<br>\nLaw Professor Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Research associate, IONR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-201d25f order-1\" data-id=\"201d25f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alberto Salazar,<br>\nProfessor, Carleton University, Canada, Research associate, IONR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2cbf49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2cbf49\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-258a9c2 order-1\" data-id=\"258a9c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ae98c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4ae98c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On March 8, 2024, the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River in Peru was recognized as a right holder by the Superior Court of Justice of Loreto (Peru), which resolved an <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amparo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Action of Protection) lawsuit filed by MARILUZ CANAQUIRI MURAYARI, member of the Kukama indigenous people of the Shapajilla Native Community and President of the HUAYNAKANA KAMATAHUARA KANA FEDERATION against PetroPer\u00fa S.A., the Ministry of the Environment, and other state actors. The plaintiffs were supported by the NGO Instituto de Defensa Legal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The petitioner requested the Court to recognize the Mara\u00f1on River and its tributaries as a subject of rights due to the intrinsic value of the river in their culture and, especially, due to the spiritual value of the river for the Kukama indigenous people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Mara\u00f1on River is one of the most important rivers in Peru. It is the second longest river in Peru and one of the tributaries of the Amazon River. The Mara\u00f1on River has a unique terrestrial and aquatic diversity, and flows through the territories of indigenous peoples and mestizo populations that inhabit its banks. These riverside populations derive their livelihoods from the river, where they fish and consume freshwater for their subsistence. The Kukama are considered excellent fishermen.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2d7c75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2d7c75\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1511763 order-1\" data-id=\"1511763\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2707d77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2707d77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lawsuit was\u00a0 filed in the context of constant oil spills along the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River from cracks in the northern Peruvian oil pipeline that crosses these territories. For decades the Kukama women and their families have been suffering from the contamination of the river and its tributaries with oil, which is affecting their health and that of the inhabitants of nearby communities. Heavy metals have been found in the blood of the Kukama inhabitants of some riverside communities. Faced with this situation, the Kukama have developed several strategies. Some communities have even requested precautionary measures from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. However, little has been done by the authorities to prevent the damage.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4019cbd\" data-id=\"4019cbd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8610bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8610bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"966\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/contamination-maranon-river.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6250\" alt=\"Young men with oil smeared bodies\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/contamination-maranon-river.webp 966w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/contamination-maranon-river-300x165.webp 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/contamination-maranon-river-768x423.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 966px) 100vw, 966px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073f1d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"073f1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/infoamazonia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Infoamazonia.org<\/a>, 2014.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-218a8bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"218a8bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6850d12\" data-id=\"6850d12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee55be2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee55be2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The petitioner requested\u00a0 that 11 rights be recognized for the river, including the right to be free of all contamination; the right to the conservation of its ecological structure and functions; and the right to be represented before the courts and administrative actions, among others. In this regard, it also requested that a collegiate body be appointed to represent the river, in which both the State and the indigenous organizations act as representatives. It was noted that these actors\u00a0 are already acting as guardians and defenders representing the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River and its tributaries, and can make their voices heard whenever a project may directly or indirectly affect the river.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lawsuit and the numerous documents submitted by various organizations supporting the plaintiff invoke the importance of the judicial system to evolve in the interpretations of Peru&#8217;s legal and constitutional norms. Although this legal\u00a0 framework does\u00a0 not recognize the paradigm of the rights of Nature and the legal personhood of rivers, it embraces\u00a0 the importance and urgency of adopting a paradigm that better protects Nature. Therefore, a call is made to consider\u00a0 the intrinsic value of natural entities in the context of a Peruvian Constitution that is regarded as ecology-friendly. . Likewise,\u00a0 a conventionality control was also requested in order to consider\u00a0 the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which has recently delved deeply into the ecocentric perspective since the Advisory Opinion OC-23\/17. This high Court has consistently\u00a0 highlighted the interdependence between culture, territories, and the rights of indigenous peoples, noting that the traditional practices of indigenous peoples and their cultural identity are compatible with the sustainable use of the environment. It also invoked the provisions of the Framework Convention on Biological Diversity and particularly Decision CBD\/COP\/DEC\/15\/4 of the new Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in December 2022.\u00a0 The\u00a0 latter document explicitly integrates the rights of Mother Earth or Nature as an innovative vocabulary of the Convention and as one of the values to be incorporated into the decision-making seeking to protect and improve the overall state of biodiversity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a455d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a455d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2959bd1\" data-id=\"2959bd1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09105d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"09105d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/maranon-river.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6251\" alt=\"Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/maranon-river.webp 1000w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/maranon-river-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/maranon-river-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f63d17a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f63d17a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> Authors.<\/p><div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 103px; top: -3px;\"><div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ab0c3a\" data-id=\"2ab0c3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-995ddd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"995ddd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Court, finding\u00a0 the petition well founded, upheld the rights of the Mara\u00f1on River and its tributaries, recognizing it as the holder of the following rights:<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-463f460 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"463f460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to flow, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to provide a healthy ecosystem,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to be free from all contamination,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to feed and be fed by its tributaries,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to biodiversity,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to be restored,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to the regeneration of its natural cycles,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to the conservation of its ecological structure and functions,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to protection, preservation and recovery,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The right to be represented.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8822d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8822d2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f001e7f order-1\" data-id=\"f001e7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac04156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac04156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to taking a major step forward in acknowledging the symbolic value of the river as a holder of rights, the decision elaborated on concrete aspects that contribute to implement\u00a0 the recognition and care of the river. Thus, both the State and the indigenous organizations are recognized and named as guardians, defenders and representatives of the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River and its tributaries.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Court also mandated the creation of Basin Councils, which should include indigenous peoples with decision-making capacity for each tributary river. Finally, PetroPeru was ordered to prepare and submit its updated Environmental Management Instrument (EMI or IGA in Spanish) to the Ministry of Energy and Mines. This EMI should incorporate a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the hydrocarbon transportation activity through the North Peruvian Pipeline. The company is also expected to commit to mitigating any negative environmental impact as well as to conduct prior consultations with the indigenous institutions and organizations in order to coordinate the approval of the EMI (IGA). <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0001bc8\" data-id=\"0001bc8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-782e45a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"782e45a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6252\" alt=\"Houses on the water on the Maranon River\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Houses-on-the-water-on-the-Maranon-River-2048x1152.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9186a5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9186a5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> Authors.<\/p><div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 106px; top: 45px;\"><div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b03e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b03e9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9bc310\" data-id=\"f9bc310\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739fb69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739fb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-1024x560.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6256\" alt=\"Boat sailing in the waters of the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-1024x560.webp 1024w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-768x420.webp 768w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-1536x840.webp 1536w, https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Boat-sailing-in-the-waters-of-the-Maranon-River-2048x1120.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de8db6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de8db6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> Authors.<\/p><div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 103px; top: 45px;\"><div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f5fd16\" data-id=\"1f5fd16\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf83861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf83861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This demonstrates that the enshrinement of the rights of Nature can have a significant impact on the obligations of companies with respect to the environment. As such, this case sets an important precedent for extractive companies in Peru. It will be crucial to assess the effectiveness of these Court-mandated obligations. For example, it is imperative to ensure that the company&#8217;s environmental assessment is adequate and transparent, and that the Ministry performs its oversight role appropriately. It is also expected that prior consultation with indigenous organizations will be effective, allowing these organizations to integrate their\u00a0 perspectives and interests meaningfully and to monitor the overall compliance with these obligations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19883bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19883bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-535f1fd\" data-id=\"535f1fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d716553 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d716553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, the decision not only recognizes the river as a holder of rights, but also proposes solutions that can operationalize these rights, thereby protecting\u00a0 the river from the multiple oil spills caused by the oil industry. This environmental degradation has endangered the health of vulnerable indigenous communities, whose voices have been ignored for years.\u00a0 A swift and efficient establishment of the basin council and the river guardians commission is vital to realize the full potential of this historic decision. This will mark a new paradigm for river rights\u00a0 in Peru.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abeffb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0abeffb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-877d83b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"877d83b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Post Scriptum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9a604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad9a604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn August 29, 2024, the Civil Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Loreto (Peru) confirmed the historic decision of the Judge of Nauta that recognizes the rights and Legal Personhood of the Mara\u00f1on River, orders the creation of a watershed council, recognizes the indigenous organizations as defenders or guardians of the Mara\u00f1on River, and orders the updating and consultation of the environmental management instrument.\u00a0 Additionally, the Court ordered Petroperu to maintain the North Peruvian oil pipeline.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb0eb3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb0eb3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"ES-CO\">The sentence of the Civil Chamber is available here: <a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirenature.org\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sentencia-2da-instancia.-Rio-Maranon.-res_2022000100152331000230940-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link to the Sentence<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db13f5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db13f5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3785b52\" data-id=\"3785b52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On March 8, 2024, the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n River in Peru was recognized as a right holder by the Superior Court of Justice of Loreto (Peru), which resolved an amparo (Action of Protection) lawsuit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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